Introduction To The Worlds Oceans 10th Edition Pdf

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An Introduction to the World's Oceans (1) STUDY. The angular distance of a place north or south of the earth's equator. Greek, connected tides to moon. Estimated circumference of the earth and the distances to the moon and sun, first to calculate tilt of Earth's axis, invented leap day, created map of world.

• An Introduction to the World's Oceans (1) STUDY. The angular distance of a place north or south of the earth's equator. Greek, connected tides to moon. Estimated circumference of the earth and the distances to the moon and sun, first to calculate tilt of Earth's axis, invented leap day, created map of world.
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This is a list of seas – large divisions of the World Ocean, including areas of water, variously gulfs, bights, bays, and straits.

• 2Marginal seas
  • 2.1Atlantic Ocean
  • 2.5Pacific Ocean

Terminology[edit]

• Ocean – the four to seven largest named bodies of water in the World Ocean, all of which have 'Ocean' in the name. See Borders of the oceans for details.
• Sea has several definitions:^[a]
  • A marginal sea - a marginal sea is a division of an ocean, partially enclosed by islands, archipelagos, or peninsulas, adjacent to or widely open to the open ocean at the surface, and/or bounded by submarine ridges on the sea floor.^[4]
  • A division of an ocean, delineated by landforms,^[5] currents (e.g. Sargasso Sea), or specific latitude or longitude boundaries. This includes but is not limited to marginal seas, and this is the definition used for inclusion in this list.
  • The World Ocean. For example, the Law of the Sea states that all of the World Ocean is 'sea',^[6][7][8][b] and this is also common usage for 'the sea'.
  • Any large body of water with 'Sea' in the name, including lakes.
• Strait - a narrow area of water connecting two wider areas of water

There are several terms used for bulges of ocean that result from indentations of land, which overlap in definition, and which are not consistently differentiated:^[10]

• Bay – generic term; though most features with 'Bay' in the name are small, some are very large
• Gulf – a very large bay, often a top-level division of an ocean or sea
• Fjord – a long bay with steep sides, typically formed by a glacier
• Bight – a bay that is typically shallower than a sound
• Sound – a large, wide bay which is typically deeper than a bight, or a strait
• Cove – a very small, typically sheltered bay

Many features could be considered to be more than one of these, and all of these terms are used in place names inconsistently; especially bays, gulfs, and bights, which can be very large or very small. This list includes large areas of water no matter the term used in the name.

Marginal seas[edit]

Sources differ over which seas are considered marginal seas as well as which ocean a given sea is considered a marginal part of. There is no single ultimate authority on the matter.^[11]

Atlantic Ocean[edit]

In addition to the marginal seas listed in the three sub-sections below, the Arctic Ocean itself is sometimes also considered a marginal sea of the Atlantic.^[12][13]

The Americas[edit]

(coast-wise north to south)

• Gulf of Maine
• Long Island Sound
• New York Bay
• Gulf of Mexico
• Caribbean Sea
  • Gulf of Gonâve (Haiti)
  • Gulf of Venezuela

Europe, Africa, and Asia[edit]

• North Sea
• Baltic Sea
• Bay of Biscay
• Mediterranean Sea
  • Aegean Sea
  • Ionian Sea
  • Levantine Sea
  • Ligurian Sea
  • Sea of Sicily
• Sea of Marmara^[14]
• Black Sea^[14]
• Sea of Azov^[14]

Northern islands[edit]

(east to west)

• Denmark Strait (between Greenland and Iceland)
• Irish Sea (between Ireland and Great Britain)
• Inner Seas off the West Coast of Scotland
  • Sea of the Hebrides (Great Britain)

Arctic Ocean[edit]

(clockwise from 180°)

• Barents Sea (connected to Kara Sea by Kara Strait)
• Lincoln Sea (recognized by IHO but not IMO)
• The Northwest Passages
  • (more to be listed)
• Hudson Bay

Southern Ocean[edit]

• Cooperation Sea^[c]
• Cosmonauts Sea^[c]
• King Haakon VII Sea^[c]
• Lazarev Sea^[c]
• Mawson Sea^[c]
• Somov Sea^[c]

Indian Ocean[edit]

• Andaman Sea
  • Gulf of Martaban – An arm of the Andaman Sea in the southern part of Burma

Pacific Ocean[edit]

Americas[edit]

• Gulf of California (also known as the Sea of Cortés)

Asia and Oceania[edit]

• Bohol Sea (also known as the Mindanao Sea)
• South China Sea
  • Natuna Sea
    • North Natuna Sea

Defined by currents[edit]

• Sargasso Sea – North Atlantic Gyre

Not included[edit]

Entities called 'seas' which are not divisions of the Earth's the World Ocean are not included in this list. Excluded are:

• Salt lakes with 'Sea' in the name: Aral Sea, Caspian Sea, Dead Sea, Salton Sea
• Freshwater lakes with 'Sea' in the name: Sea of Galilee
• Extraterrestrial oceans: List of largest lakes and seas in the Solar System
• Gulfs, bays, and straits of lakes

Other items not included:

• Small fjords too numerous to list: Category: Fjords
• Small bays too numerous to list: Category: Bays
• Small sounds too numerous to list: Sound (geography)
• Small straits too numerous to list: List of straits

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

1. ^There is no accepted technical definition of sea among oceanographers. A rather weak definition is that a sea is a subdivision of an ocean, which means that it must have oceanic basin crust on its floor. This definition, for example, accepts the Caspian Sea, which was once part of an ancient ocean, as a sea.^[1] The Introduction to Marine Biology defines a sea as a 'landlocked' body of water, adding that the term 'sea' is only one of convenience, but the book is written by marine biologists, not oceanographers.^[2]The Glossary of Mapping Sciences similarly states that the boundaries between seas and other bodies of water are arbitrary.^[3]
2. ^According to this definition, the Caspian would be excluded as it is legally an 'international lake'.^[9]
3. ^ ^abcdefProposed names to the IHO 2002 draft. This draft was never approved by the IHO (or any other organization), and the 1953 IHO document (which does not contain these names which mostly originated from 1962 onward) remains currently in force.^[15] Leading geographic authorities and atlases do not use these names, including the 2014 10th edition World Atlas from the National Geographic Society and the 2014 12th edition of the Times Atlas of the World. But Soviet and Russian-issued state maps do include them.^[16][17]

References[edit]

1. ^Conforti, B; Bravo, Luigi Ferrari (2005-12-30). 'The Italian Yearbook of International Law 2004'. ISBN9789004150270.
2. ^Karleskint, George; Turner, Richard L; Small, James W (2009-01-02). 'Introduction to Marine Biology'. ISBN9780495561972.
3. ^The Glossary of the Mapping Sciences – Google Books. Books.google.co.uk. 1994. ISBN9780784475706. Retrieved 2013-04-19.
4. ^American Congress on Surveying and Mapping (1994). Glossary of the mapping sciences. ASCE Publications. p. 469. ISBN978-0-7844-0050-0. Retrieved 9 December 2010.
5. ^'What's the difference between an ocean and a sea?'. Oceanservice.noaa.gov. 11 January 2013. Retrieved 19 April 2013.
6. ^Vukas, B (2004). 'The Law of the Sea: Selected Writings'. ISBN9789004138636.
7. ^Gupta, Manoj (2010). 'Indian Ocean Region: Maritime Regimes for Regional Cooperation'. ISBN9781441959898.
8. ^'Seven Seas - Discover The Seven Seas of the Earth'. Geography.about.com. Retrieved 2013-04-19.
9. ^Gokay, Bulent (2001-04-07). 'The Politics of Caspian Oil'. ISBN9780333739730.
10. ^'gulf – coastal feature'.
11. ^Wang, James C. F. (1992). Handbook on Ocean Politics & Law. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 14. ISBN978-0-313-26434-4.
12. ^James C. F. Wang (1992). Handbook on ocean politics & law. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 14–. ISBN9780313264344. Retrieved 9 December 2010.
13. ^Longhurt, Alan R. (2007). Ecological Geography of the Sea. Academic Press. p. 104. ISBN978-0-12-455521-1. Retrieved 2010.Check date values in: accessdate= (help)
14. ^ ^abcoften treated as part of Mediterranean Sea
15. ^'Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd (currently in-force) edition'(PDF). International Hydrographic Organization. 1953. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
16. ^[1]
17. ^'Archived copy'. Archived from the original on 2015-09-10. Retrieved 2015-06-06.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)

External links[edit]

• The dictionary definition of marginal sea at Wiktionary

[[Category:Oceanography]/]

Introduction To The World's Oceans 10th Edition Pdf Download